“大树进城”为何刹而不止？——兼谈加强树木采挖移植管理的政策措施

概述了“大树进城”之风形成的背景，对“大树进城”的弊端与危害进行了归纳，分析了“大树进城”之风难以遏止的原因，提出了“控两头、掐中间”、多管齐下、综合治理的基本思路和具体措施。     

山桃稠李花期的观测与分析

以山桃稠李为材料,观测群体花期和单株花期,结果表明:在2013年春季的气象条件下,长春市街路旁栽植的山桃稠李的群体花期时间为15 d,株间变动于8~13 d之间,平均花期时间为10.6 d;株间盛花期时间变动于4~8 d之间,平均为5.4 d。柳河县兰山林场和蛟河市爱林林场野生群体的花期分别为19 d和21 d。相同地点株间花期差异是遗传因素所致;不同地点群体花期差异是环境因素造成的。     

RTK测量系统在古树名木保护中的应用

RTK测量技术是GPS测量技术与数据传输技术的结合,可实时获得高精度三维定位信息,是测量领域又一次技术革命。本文以四方井水库古树名木保护定位测量为例,阐述RTK的含义、系统组成,分析RTK测量系统的优点以及在测量过程中应注意的问题,为提高林业勘测效率和结果准确性提供参考。     

城市道路植物配置研究

对上海市杨浦区45条城市道路绿化状况进行调查，从道路行道树绿带、分车绿带和路侧绿带3个方面分别调查分析了植物的种类、配置方式、观赏特性以及植物应用的频度，并对道路植物的配置模式进行探讨，提出了措施和建议。     

Recent advances in molecular genetics of forest trees

The use of molecular markers has greatly enhanced our understanding of the genome structure of forest trees. Conifers, in particular, have a relatively large genome, containing a very high proportion of repeated DNA, consisting of tandemly repetitive and dispersed repetitive DNA sequences. The nature of highly conserved tandemly repetitive rRNA genes has been investigated in a number of tree species, and their sites mapped on specific chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Different families of retrotransposons (IFG, and TPE1) have been isolated and characterized from the dispersed repetitive DNA of pines. Genome maps have been constructed in a number of forest tree genera: Pinus, Picea, Pseudotsuga, Cryptomeria, Taxus, Populus, and Eucalyptus. EST databases have been established from cDNA clones of pines and poplars. The structure and maternal or paternal modes of inheritance of organelle genomes have been investigated in forest trees. Comparative mapping in conifers has shown that gene families are conserved across genera. Due to lack of polyploidy in conifers, the evolution of this group of trees may have occurred primarily by duplication and dispersal of genes, probably by retrotranspositions, to form complex gene families. The evolution of angiosperm tree species has presumably involved both gene duplication as well as genome duplication (polyploidy). Application of genetic engineering has shown that genes from phylogenetically unrelated organisms can be introduced and expressed in trees, thus offering prospects of genetic improvement of forest trees. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Progress in mapping agronomic genes in apple (The European Apple Genome Mapping Project)

Summary The progress of the European Apple Genome Mapping Project is described. Populations segregating for a range of agronomic genes have been established in six European countries. The need for robust methods of analysis has been identified, especially with regard to the development of molecular markers. Isozyme systems, RAPDs, RFLPs and amplified genes are being used to construct a reference genetic linkage map. Standardisation and precise definition of both genotypic and phenotypic measurements has been recognised as being essential for future exploitation of genetic markers in apple breeding. Phenotypic measurements are being replicated in different geographical locations over several years. Statistical and genetic analyses are aimed at defining components of genetic variation which account for ‘genes’, as defined by apple breeders. A relational database is being constructed which will combine disparate sources of data relating to the genetics of apple. Comparative mapping has been identified as an efficient means of expanding genetic knowledge within and between Rosaceae genomes.     

苹果幼树死亡诱因、诊断与防控

对矮砧苹果新植苗木和2~5年生幼树死亡的原因进行研究,表明苗木失水与轮纹病菌协同危害是主要原因;冻害、根部与主干病害、肥害及苗木质量差是重要原因。生产上及时发现问题,根据不同症状,进行准确的病因诊断,有针对性地采用不同的防控措施:培育不潜带轮纹病菌的苗木;苗木贮运、栽植和管理过程防止失水;栽植前用杀菌剂铲除部分病菌;防止冻害;2~5年生幼树合理肥水管理;防止贪绿徒长;有效地预防根部和枝干病虫害发生。     

果树体细胞胚胎发生研究进展

近年来有关果树组织培养的研究很多,其中对果树体细胞胚胎发生的研究越来越受到重视。现对近10a来国内外果树通过体细胞胚胎发生途径再生植株的研究现状进行了总结,分析了果树体细胞胚胎在发生途径上的特点,并从发生过程分析了体细胞胚胎发生的影响因素,同时对其生理生化代谢以及实际应用等方面进行综述。提出该领域今后应逐步开展对果树体细胞胚胎发生的生理生化和分子机理研究,促进体细胞胚胎发生研究成果在生产实践中的应用。     

佳木斯市周边山区野生彩叶树种资源调查及开发利用分析

通过对佳木斯市周边山区(国家森林公园大亮子河、绿潭、横头山和三家甸等)野生彩叶树种调查分析,确定该区野生彩叶树种属15科34种。有观赏特性及开发利用前途的有色木槭、红瑞木、花楸、水榆花楸和狗枣猕猴桃等11种。重点介绍了各种类的观赏特性,并对佳木斯市开发利用野生彩叶树种资源提出了建议。     

皖北地区乡土秋色叶树种资源开发前景分析

采用实地调查与阅读文献相结合的方法,对皖北地区现有的29种乡土秋色叶树种资源种类、主要特征和分布情况进行实地调查与研究.结果表明:皖北地区乡土秋色叶树种资源丰富,主要分布于淮北、萧县、宿州、砀山及怀远等低山丘陵地区,且大多秋色叶景观综合表现优秀.并对其进行开发应用综合评价,进而从市场需求、苗木繁育、专类保护、风景林营造及特色产业培育等方面,对乡土秋色叶树种资源的开发前景进行深入分析.